Strategi Bank Indonesia dalam Menjaga Stabilitas Nilai Tukar Rupiah di Tengah Gejolak Global: Perspektif Hukum dan Kebijakan Moneter
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Abstract
Penelitian ini menganalisis dasar hukum, instrumen strategis, dan pengaman akuntabilitas Bank Indonesia dalam menjaga stabilitas nilai tukar rupiah di tengah gejolak keuangan global. Fokus khusus diarahkan pada perubahan karakter normatif Pasal 43 Undang-Undang Bank Indonesia setelah Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2026. Rumusan sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa Rapat Dewan Gubernur bulanan dapat dihadiri oleh satu orang menteri atau lebih yang mewakili Pemerintah, sedangkan rumusan tahun 2026 menyatakan rapat tersebut dihadiri oleh wakil Pemerintah, keduanya dengan hak bicara tanpa hak suara. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kebijakan. Bahan primer mencakup konstitusi, Undang-Undang Bank Indonesia beserta perubahannya, regulasi Bank Indonesia yang relevan, dan dokumen kebijakan resmi sampai 22 Juli 2026. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bauran kebijakan 2026 memiliki dasar kewenangan yang memadai, tetapi setiap instrumen harus diuji secara spesifik berdasarkan legalitas, kesesuaian, kebutuhan, proporsionalitas, temporalitas, independensi, dan akuntabilitas. Perubahan Pasal 43 bukan memperkenalkan kehadiran Pemerintah untuk pertama kali, melainkan mempertegas karakter normatif kehadiran tersebut sehingga membutuhkan pengaman yang lebih kuat bagi independensi kelembagaan dan independensi instrumen. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada model diskresi berpanduan (rule-guided discretion) untuk merekonsiliasi efektivitas stabilisasi, independensi bank sentral, dan akuntabilitas publik.
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